0.32 database classes class classifying databases category classifications
0.37 test table testing experiments tested compared compare
classification classifier classifiers classify classified recognition correctly0.29 classify classified correctly correct discrimination discriminant discriminate
0.31 classification classifier classifiers recognition misclassification misclassified classi
0.28 superior cation diagnosis im appli cations diagnostic
handwritten digit digits character characters handwriting bell0.16 handwritten digit digits character characters bell laboratories
0.06 handwriting writing styles cursive strokes writers writer
0.14 coding code codes decoding encoding encode coded
denker cun jackel lecun le simard henderson0.12 henderson boser hubbard fukushima box corner neocognitron
0.12 denker cun jackel lecun simard le yann
dimensional vectors dimensionality dimension subspace projection dimensions0.38 dimensional vectors dimensionality dimension subspace dimensions spanned
0.25 projection orthogonal projections projected span operator projecting
matrix eigenvalues matrices eigenvalue eigenvectors eigenvector eigen0.26 xt yt ui rewrite rewritten zt transpose
0.25 matrix eigenvalues matrices eigenvalue eigenvectors eigenvector eigen
images image features detection face segmentation feature0.24 images image face faces contour resolution contours
0.30 features detection segmentation feature segment detected detect
0.25 poggio girosi olshausen memo sparse lewicki bruno
camera video imaging false tracked track bright0.13 camera video imaging track tracked bright tracks
0.16 false window collected template templates people person
0.19 tation represen compu tations tational implemen orien
0.35 increase decrease decreases increases decreased increased increasing
0.08 denmark dk danish copenhagen bohr blegdamsvej lyngby
0.37 conference proceedings international intelligence machine annual artificial
0.14 centre generalisation australia normalised optimisation minimise australian
0.01 kyoto gun japan cho soraku hikaridai seika
0.15 pa carnegie mellon cmu pittsburgh cs rameters
0.04 arbor ann michigan stabilize nation combi anns
pixel pixels intensity intensities brightness radial grey0.18 pixel pixels intensity intensities brightness grey darker
0.53 radial rbf interpolation basis omohundro darken lowe
object objects shape views plane rigid parts0.18 shape views plane surfaces depth viewing occlusion
0.16 object objects rigid parts grouping pose grouped
rotation invariant translation invariance coordinates transformation coordinate0.19 rotation invariant translation invariance transformation transformations rotated
0.22 coordinates coordinate manifold degrees points affine axis
nearest neighbor kohonen neighbors organizing maps map0.22 nearest neighbor neighbors distance neighborhood neighboring euclidean
0.13 kohonen organizing map maps quantization mapping quantizer
trained hidden train task learn learned epochs0.38 trained hidden train epochs recognize target recognizing
0.44 task learn learned tasks learns successful perform
layer units net backpropagation layers feedforward inputs0.42 layer net backpropagation layers feedforward inputs outputs
0.39 units unit activation activations nonlinear nonlinearity nonlinearities
0.24 multilayer perceptron perceptrons perceptton mlp mlps minsky
morgan kaufmann advances san touretzky hanson moody0.27 morgan kaufmann advances touretzky hanson moody lippmann
0.13 cowan tesauro alspector publishers chicago petsche kuh
0.33 san mateo ca diego california ucsd responded
rumelhart connectionist mcclelland microstructure cognition representations explorations0.25 connectionist representations cognitive erlbaum summer representation symbolic
0.16 rumelhart mcclelland cognition microstructure explorations continually books
hinton propagation williams back boltzmann clamped ackley0.29 hinton propagation williams back carried carry working
0.04 boltzmann clamped ackley si clamping factorized sj
circuit circuits threshold bit bits block cir0.19 circuit circuits cir crossing amplified amplification realized
0.26 threshold bit bits block logical thresholds slow
voltage currents voltages membrane conductance mv capacitance0.15 voltage currents voltages capacitance resistance diagram current
0.15 pulse pulses range wide variety fall falls
0.10 membrane conductance mv conductances release na ionic
mead transistors fabricated transistor programmable fabrication board0.09 mead transistors fabricated transistor fabrication carver mosis
0.09 programmable board software bus host buffer dsp
0.27 nasa jet propulsion administration ames aeronautics stanford
vlsi chip analog silicon hardware digital cmos0.13 vlsi chip analog silicon hardware digital cmos
0.13 pasadena caltech addison wesley technology reading institute
actions action environment environments navigation agent autonomous0.18 trial trials experience experiences explore thesis change
0.13 actions action environment environments navigation agent autonomous
sutton barto massachusetts moore td game atkeson0.12 moore atkeson critic domains neuronlike anderson actor
0.10 sutton barto massachusetts cambridge future ma amherst
0.11 td game backgammon games playing player crites
reinforcement policy reward rewards singh programming planning0.11 reinforcement reward rewards rein forcement succeed havior
0.11 mdp mdps returns strategy start return strategies
0.11 policy singh programming planning policies watkins exploration
0.07 discounted discount executed execute executing utility execution
control controller dynamic trajectory controllers trajectories adaptive0.17 control controller dynamic trajectory controllers trajectories adaptive
0.15 hours minutes day days year hour forecasting
0.27 forward feed backward backwards welch prop ut
0.25 memory associative stored storage memories store storing
0.09 dayan zemel peter terrence frey salk geoffrey
0.31 gradient descent derivatives derivative minima minimum ow
robot arm robotics robots sensor sensors mobile0.13 robot arm robotics robots mobile kinematics robotic
0.15 sensor sensors car cmac vehicle albus cerebellar
convergence update converge iteration converges iterations updates0.33 convergence converge iteration converges iterations solution solve
0.32 update updates updated updating batch online modified
minimizing optimization minimize minimization minimizes heuristic optimizing0.38 minimizing minimize minimization minimizes constraint constraints lagrange
0.34 optimization heuristic optimizing optimize minimized opti optimized
em maximization ghahramani expectation laird dempster rubin0.15 em maximization expectation ghahramani laird dempster rubin
0.50 hierarchical ture hierarchy struc hierarchies composition architec
mixture gaussian mixtures covariance gaussians clustering fitting0.23 mixture gaussian mixtures covariance gaussians fitting parametric
0.19 clustering component clusters cluster unsupervised components principal
generative dis generafive generarive viewed sian gaus0.24 dis sian gaus tribution ative alternatively tributed
0.23 generative generafive generarive viewed analogous analogy traditional
variance noise exp variances deviation noisy cr0.28 variance exp variances deviation cr normalized deviations
0.44 noise noisy robust robustness mea noiseless dy
likelihood posterior conditional log density probabilities densities0.27 likelihood posterior log variables marginal logp joint
0.27 conditional density probabilities densities neal mackay conditioned
bayesian prior probabilistic distributions bayes statistical inference0.27 bayesian prior probabilistic distributions bayes statistical inference
0.21 kullback divergence leibler latent hyperparameters bishop pearl
0.22 gibbs anal geman ysis restoration blake mach
markov belief graphical jordan jaakkola variational transition0.14 belief jordan graphical jaakkola variational saul uncertainty
0.21 markov stochastic transition discrete transitions continuous rt
monte carlo approximation approximate ap approximations approximating0.36 approximation approximate approximations approximating ap approximated approx
0.17 monte carlo chain multinomial metropolis mcmc dirichlet
phys rev lett sompolinsky symmetry seung tishby0.14 phys rev lett symmetry symmetric critical europhys
0.09 sompolinsky seung tishby israel thomas ben naftali
mechanics thermodynamic glass temperature replica student annealing0.09 mechanics thermodynamic glass replica student solvable spin
0.12 saad aston opper sollich birmingham manfred barber
0.17 temperature annealing energy temperatures simulated schedule landscape
christopher charles scott mjolsness dana mel jim0.04 christopher charles scott mjolsness dana jim mel
0.03 mcnaughton burgess neil erroneous arizona keefe susceptible
pierre baldi andrew cottrell gerald joshua nathan0.04 pierre baldi andrew cottrell gerald joshua abu
0.04 nathan brown intrator wolpert cooper shavlik munro
0.04 kirkpatrick kawato tenorio lee mitsuo manoel sun
0.05 coolen cortes corinna vladimir sherrington shadmehr reza
eric pearlmutter stephen barak alex steven richard0.04 eric pearlmutter stephen barak steven alex richard
0.11 john duda hart wiley sons scene platt
weigend huberman principe jabri jose cauwenberghs doya0.06 weigend huberman principe jose doya kenji tsoi
0.02 jabri cauwenberghs gert marwan flower maass sydney
word language vocabulary words sequence english context0.16 word language vocabulary words english context contextual
0.15 vowel frames frame vowels formant america syllable
0.08 sentences sentence phrase syntactic phrases perplexity lexicon
0.20 sequence sequences previous stand stands gra dient
spoken acoustics utterances speakers utterance corpus male0.10 spoken acoustics utterances utterance corpus icassp khz
0.11 speakers male female gave translates tended retaining
string strings grammar symbol symbols automata grammars0.11 grammar symbol symbols automata grammars grammatical languages
0.09 string strings length insertions insertion deletions description
retrieval search semantic searching retrieved queries query0.10 retrieval semantic retrieved topics documents indexing document
0.11 search searching queries query candidate collection candidates
phoneme phonetic phonemes waibel lang tdnn shikano0.11 phoneme phonetic phonemes waibel lang tdnn shikano
0.26 recog nition nato fogelman soulie asi isolation
speech speaker acoustic hmm hmms viterbi bourlard0.16 viterbi bourlard compression synthesis wellekens steve boutlard
0.16 speech speaker acoustic hmm hmms pitch phone
spatial retina location retinal position spatially color0.29 retina location retinal position color locations light
0.28 spatial spatially overlapping contrast spread prominent shot
visual vision orientation human perception horizontal perceptual0.29 horizontal vertical early stages edge horizontally vertically
0.30 visual vision orientation perceptual orientations psychophysical texture
0.31 bottom top level levels multiple left module
0.21 human perception humans subjects asked subject infants
filter signals signal filters filtering filtered source0.27 filter filters filtering filtered source pass sources
0.32 signals signal static transmitted ratio transmission ratios
auditory sound spectrum sounds spectral spectra ear0.13 ear music cochlea cochlear harmonic musical nonlin
0.11 auditory sound spectrum sounds spectral spectra transform
bounds vapnik haussler bound polynomial vc empirical0.16 vapnik polynomial complexity chervonenkis loss kearns colt
0.16 haussler vc empirical pac acm schapire boosting
0.16 hornik universal stinchcombe cybenko superpositions stan dard
0.15 bounds bound tight bounding tighter uniform uniformly
kernel springer svm kernels uci verlag svms0.15 springer uci verlag repository ics cancer labels
0.07 kernel kernels svm svms sch kopf burges
sample regularization samples prediction xi generalization regression0.18 regularization generalization additive regularized penalized decay regularizer
0.34 sample samples sampling drawn sampled predictive ple
0.33 prediction regression predictions predict predicting predicted predictor
0.33 xi yi xj xl zi yl xn
0.06 spline splines wahba smoothing observational multivariate cbms
0.05 warmuth cruz santa ucsc crl littlestone kivinen
0.19 dynamics dynamical attractor evolution equations attractors stability
overfitting trees partition tree splitting split splits0.22 overfitting trees tree partition split splitting splits
0.04 pruning damage stork solla surgeon pruned obs
estimation estimate estimates estimating estimated optimal obtain0.43 estimation estimate estimates estimating estimated optimal obtain
0.43 assume assumption assumptions assumed framework assuming derive
theorem proof bounded denote holds exists inequality0.25 denote holds exists inequality definitions theoretical satisfying
0.28 satisfies satisfy condition satisfied conditions demonstrated demonstrate
0.22 theorem proof bounded prove proofs define finite
graph node nodes parents child parent directed0.07 node nodes parents child parent children leaf
0.07 graph directed graphs acyclic vertices vertex hypercube
tresp volker buhmann siemens hofmann joachim rose0.06 tresp volker siemens corporate ralph neuneier timothy
0.05 buhmann hofmann joachim rose fox gurewitz ahmad
0.07 germany institut informatik fiir uni universit bonn
blind ica separation yang cichocki amari cardoso0.05 blind ica separation cardoso oja parra redundancy
0.04 yang cichocki amari mixing equivariant laheld proportions
0.11 decomposition singular rows columns column row concept
supported grant nsf acknowledgements national fellowship iri0.36 nsf iri mcdonnell pew investigator award presidential
0.36 supported grant acknowledgements national fellowship foundation sloan
tions dif tional tive tem sys cal0.19 tions dif tional tem cal ence func
0.13 tive sys den impor tant neu tems
0.19 mation approxi esti infor mate mated mates
solid dashed dotted lines plot line plots0.22 solid dashed dotted lines line dash combination
0.43 plot plots plotted curve curves oo slope
protein biology binding dna molecular proteins genes0.06 protein binding dna proteins genes junction gene
0.06 biology molecular species concentration molecules fish concentrations
cortex activity cortical brain neurosci neuroscience receptive0.26 interactions eye interaction ocular eyes dominance wiesel
0.26 cortex activity cortical brain neurosci neuroscience monkey
0.24 receptive fields field organization oriented surround correlated
stimulus stimuli responses response mechanisms mechanism ieee0.25 experimental experimentally consistent broad correlate plenum correlates
0.25 effects studies study effect strongly studied influence
0.25 animal behavioral animals hypothesis absence presence modeled
0.25 stimulus stimuli responses response mechanisms mechanism respond
0.77 ieee original transactions pages june april editors
0.82 efficient efficiently computationally expensive efficiency resources allocated
motor movement movements sensory direction muscle angle0.21 movement movements direction angle angles directions angular
0.15 motor sensory muscle command commands muscles cerebral
motion velocity moving velocities moves acceleration move0.15 moves move displacement site sites plan continue
0.15 motion velocity moving velocities acceleration motions diffusion
dendritic biophysical improve improvement improved dendrites evaluate0.48 improve improvement improved evaluate evaluation significantly evaluated
0.10 dendritic biophysical dendrites soma somatic excitable membranes
0.07 van bialek hemmen william abbott integrate event
cells cell synapses biological physiological synapse potentials0.28 potentials physiol neurophysiol channels channel res receptors
0.28 synapses biological synapse nervous stimulation nerve electronic
0.25 cells cell physiological physiology anatomical ganglion axon
0.31 biol cybern fig eq possibility raises examination
neurons neuron synaptic neuronal selective cat selectivity0.26 synaptic neuronal selective cat selectivity neurobiology nucleus
0.31 neurons neuron avoid learner assignment methodology finding
oscillations oscillatory phase oscillation cycle oscillator oscillators0.15 oscillations oscillatory oscillation oscillator oscillators coupling coupled
0.15 phase cycle periodic simulation olfactory interconnected cycles
acad sci hopfield natl usa proc emergent0.22 hopfield emergent collective physical tank abilities hop
0.10 acad sci natl proc usa nat conf
inhibitory inhibition excitatory lateral excitation modulation strength0.25 inhibition lateral excitation modulation modulated mediated interneurons
0.23 inhibitory excitatory strength activated receive receives strengths
connections feedback behavior connection connected external connectivity0.29 feedback behavior external recurrent postsynaptic behaviors presynaptic
0.27 connections connection connected connectivity patterns pat internal
0.20 wij lar ij particu simi awij larly
firing amplitude spike temporal fire spikes hz0.23 firing amplitude spike fire spikes hz period
0.27 temporal delay duration short delays long temporally
frequency recordings recording recorded frequencies wave peak0.18 recordings recording recorded electrode electrodes record engineers
0.17 frequency frequencies wave peak band waveform waveforms